Scientific diving is defined by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) as diving conducted solely in support of scientific research or education. In practice, it is a tool used by trained researchers to study and understand underwater environments—supporting work such as biological surveys, habitat assessments, species monitoring, and environmental data collection in both marine and freshwater systems. It allows scientists to directly observe and interact with ecosystems in ways that aren’t possible from the surface, producing more accurate and meaningful data.

To support this work, the American Academy of Underwater Sciences (AAUS) has developed a nationally recognized framework for training and operations that aligns with OSHA’s scientific diving exemption. These standards are widely adopted by universities, government agencies, and research institutions, ensuring that scientific diving is conducted safely, consistently, and with a high level of professional and scientific rigor.